…Seeing an old ex-boyfriend from childhood in the dream, may have two a lot of meanings in relation to the feeling of dream. If the dream was good and the connection with ex-boyfriend was huge, then dream represents your longing of that feeling. Alternatively, it means that you are reliving the past in order to have better future. You are recharging yourself with old good emotions throughout your dream. When old connection with your ex of childhood was very simple and without big expectations then such dream represents your freedom. It refers to a freer, less overloaded relationship. The dream brings you back to a time where the responsibilities of adulthood (or marriage) didn’t restrict the spontaneity of youth and the romance of undiscovered feelings. You need to recollect the enthusiasm, freedom, and energy of youth that may be lacking in your current relationship. To dream that your ex-boyfriend…

…God Almighty, Lord, Creator and Cherisher of the universes. There is nothing like unto Him and He is the All-Hearing, the Al-Seeing Lord. Seeing Him in a dream can be interpreted according to one’s state of being. If one sees Him in His glory and majesty, without descriptive designation, without ascrip- tion of human characteristics to Him and without depiction or portrayal in the dream, it is an indication of glad tidings for both this world and the hereafter. These blessings also may continue to affect the lives of one’s progeny. If one sees Him otherwise in a dream, it means confusion, and particularly if the Almighty Lord does not address him. If an ailing person sees Him in a dream, it means that he will soon die and come to meet Him. If a straying soul sees God Almighty in a dream, it will find guidance. If an…

…dream means solving a problem through kindness. If the food is greasy in the dream, it means that one’s problem is a lasting one. Sour food in a dream means steadfastness. Sour food in one’s mouth in a dream also means pain and sufferings. Yellow food in a dream means sickness, except for fowl’s meat. Drinking food the way one drinks liquids in a dream means increase in one’s earnings. Eating at a wedding in a dream means glad tidings. Eating at a reception after a funeral in a dream means distress and sorrow. Any food that has a long shelf life in a dream means profits and continuous benefits. Meat, eggplant, squash or the like food in a dream represent temporary benefit or seasonal earnings. Eating at the tables of royalties or rich people in a dream means rising in rank, or renewing the mandate of one’s office. Eating…

…In a dream, a lance represents a branch of wood, stability based on one’s strength, or stepping away from the wrong path. A lance in a dream also represents a woman, a child, testifying to the truth, or going on a journey. A lance in one’s hand in a dream represents a grand son or a blessed son who will grow to preside over people and defend them with his own life. A broken lance in a dream represents an incurable deficiency or a disease that will inflict one’s child. Carrying a lance while riding a horse in a dream means authority with honor. If someone denies his ownership of a lance in a dream, it means an accident or a betrayal. If the lance belongs to a brother, then it means a calamity. If one does repair a broken lance in a dream, it means recovering from an…

…of its doors are locked in the dream, it means that his parents are displeased with him. If he enters paradise from whichever gate he pleases in the dream, it means that both of his parents are pleased with him. If one is let into paradise in a dream, it represents his death. It is also interpreted to mean that he will repent for his sins at the hands of a spiritual guide or a wise shaikh who will lead him into paradise. Entering paradise in a dream also may mean attaining one’s goals, though paradise itself is surrounded with schemes and maneuvers. Seeing paradise in one’s dream also means joining the company of revered people of knowledge and observing good conduct with people in general. If one sees himself entering paradise smilingly in a dream, it means that he constantly invokes God’s remembrance. If one sees himself entering paradise…

…One night, as far back as 1894, 1 dreamed I was in a desert in Phantomnia, and that bounding towards me from a distance, came a white kangaroo decorated with large, brown spots that looked as if they had been recently painted, and which imparted to it a wooden appearance. It came right up to me, and eyeing me in the friendliest manner possible, said, “Have you seen my mother?” “No!” I replied, “I have not seen anyone here for the last two years, because it is fully that time since I visited these parts. What is she like?” The kangaroo was greatly perplexed. “Why,” he said, “To tell you the truth I haven’t the slightest idea. I thought, perhaps, you might know; but, of course; since you have been absent for so long, it is very obvious you are the last person I should have asked. Good-bye.” And,…

…Dreaming of seeing a negro standing on your green lawn, is a sign that while your immediate future seems filled with prosperity and sweetest joys, there will creep into it unavoidable discord, which will veil all brightness in gloom for a season. Dreaming of seeing a burly negro, denotes formidable rivals in affection and business. To see a mulatto, constant worries and friction with hirelings is foretold. Dreaming of a difficulty with a negro, signifies your inability to overcome disagreeable surroundings. It also denotes disappointments and ill fortune. For a young woman Dreaming of a negro, she will be constrained to work for her own support, or be disappointed in her lover. Dreaming of negro children, denotes many little anxieties and crosses. For a young woman Dreaming of being held by a negro, portends for her many disagreeable duties. She is likely to meet with and give displeasure. She…

…A young woman who dreams about other people who are admiring her new shoes must be cautious with new friends, especially men, when they approach her with unusual intimacy, since they could be hypocritical flatterers. When you are dreaming about shoes without any detail, then it shows changes in the immediate future. If the shoes are new, then it suggests that there will be financial gains soon. If they are old and broken, it means poverty. If the dreamer is working on shoes, it suggests someone is betraying her. When you are dreaming that you are shining your own shoes, then it represents about an upcoming improvements in issues, business, love, etc., all of which will bring satisfaction. When you are dreaming about yourself being with dirty, old or broken shoes, then it can mean that you easily make enemies due to your character and scathing criticism. When you…

…(Eye makeup | Makeup) Kohl in a dream represents money and clarity. If one is given some powdered kohl in a dream, it means money. If a righteous and God- fearing person places kohl on someone’s eyes in a dream, it means blessings and guidance. Finding a container of kohl in a dream means receiving money. Smearing one’s eyes with kohl in a dream means becoming more religious. If a blind person smears his eyes with kohl in a dream, it means that he will miraculously recover his sight. If one smears his eyes with a silver-white powdered mixture or antimony in a dream, it means that he will have two wives. If one coats his eyelids with butter or lather in a dream, it means that he is pursuing an unlawful heterosexual, or a loathsome homosexual relationship. Beautifying childrens’ eyes with other than kohl or antimony in a…

himself getting married in the dream qualifies, it means that he will attain a high ranking job or a suitable position. If one’s wedding ceremony is made with witnesses only in the dream, it means that he has made a covenant with God Almighty. If he performs a traditional wedding ceremony with its celebrations and festivities in the dream, it means a new job, or it could mean acquiring fame, or becoming renowned for one’s good reputation or character. Marriage in a dream is also interpreted in association with a trade. If one marries a woman who dies shortly after her wedding in the dream, it means that he will perform a job that earns him nothing but hard labor, toiling and stress. If one marries an adulteress in a dream, it means that he is an adulterer. If one marries a vicious, aggressive or a dominating wife in a…

…To dream you are on a talk show or that you are friends with a talk show host can mean that your subconscious mind considers that person a friend because you “interact” with them often, or like to “interact” with them by watching their show. (The subconscious mind doesn’t see much difference between a person talking to you from the TV and a person talking to you in person.)…

…beard and kissing it in a dream means lacking determination or will, regardless if it is his own beard or if it is someone else’s beard. If a straw or anything sticks to one’s beard in a dream, it means hearing bad words. Shaving half of one’s beard in a dream means losing one’s source of income or loss of one’s dignity. Holding the beard of one’s uncle in a dream means unjustly inheriting him. If a woman sees herself having a beard like a man in a dream, it means that she will never beget children, unless if she has a reddish beard as the natural color of her hair. However, for a man, to have a reddish beard in a dream means trials and temptation and particularly if some gray hair is also mixed with it. (Also see Face | Scissors | Shaving | Twisting a rope)…

…Dreaming of a fig tree indicates abundance in many ways, especially of food. Dreaming of a beautiful green forest is a good sign, and if there are plenty of white or colored birds is much better because it indicates a successful end to the affairs you’re handling. But if you dream of plenty of dark or black birds, it indicates that someone envies the good fortune of the dreamer. Dreaming of admiring the beautiful foliage of a forest indicates deep satisfaction and appreciation for what has been achieved in life, which is like giving thanks to God, but in this case directly with the soul and without saying empty words. Among artists or intellectuals, dreaming of a beautiful forest indicates getting additional acknowledgement. Dreaming of just one green, leafy tree that is flowering indicates health and wellbeing. But if the tree seems like alone or abandoned, wilted or with

like a child in a dream, it means that he will receive an inheritance from his mother. If one sees himself as a newborn child in a dream, it means that he will become wealthy and prosper. If a young boy sees himself in a dream as a child, it has a negative meaning. If a sick person sees himself as a child in a dream, it means his death. If one sees himself as a child being reprimanded in a dream, it means that he will be conquered. In a dream, if one looks in a mirror and sees his face to be that of a child, and if his wife is pregnant, it means that she will beget a son who will look like his father. Carrying a baby child in a dream means distress and burdens. A child in a dream represents a weak enemy who sometime…

…Having an illness in a dream represents a sickening character, or a hypocrite. Finding oneself ill in a dream means enjoying a good health for that year, or it could mean loss of devotion and lack of piety. If a warrior finds himself sick in a dream, it means that he will be wounded. If one sees his wife sick in a dream, it means that she is negligent of her religious obligations. If a sick person sees himself riding an ox, or a swine in a dream, it means his death. A feverish illness in a dream means pressure caused by a ruler. Feeling sick, or feeling down with an undiagnosed illness in a dream means spending money, or wasting it in ways other than on God’s path. In a dream, illness mostly denotes religious disobedience and religious disdain. If one’s sick child recovers from an illness in…

…issues, insecurity, and that you hope someone helps you to solve your problems. Dreaming that you are wearing your clothes inside out announces the loss of friends and people who previously collaborated in any way with you. Dreaming of wearing new and beautiful clothes means that you will soon receive a distinction or at least you’ll be complimented; this is especially true in the case of intellectuals, artists, etc. Dreaming that you have lost the clothes you wanted to wear suggests that you’re losing not only material things but perhaps mental and moral values. Dreaming of wearing with a metallic armor and feeling comfortable with it, suggests that you want to be flattered, earn some distinctions, and you may try to enter in high society or in important political circles. However, the metal of the armor suggests that you are imprisoning yourself, so you won’t get anything you want….

…In a dream, each one of God’s prophets, upon all of them be peace and blessings, is like a compassionate father toward his son, who is trying to save his child from the hell of this world and the hell-fire in the hereafter. In a dream, a prophet also represents a teacher, a tutor, a shaikh, a warning, or glad tidings. If one sees them standing in a stately form, or if one prays behind them, or follows them on the road, or eats something from their delicious food, or drinks from their drink, or if one is anointed with their perfume, or learns something from them, or acquires a particular knowledge from them in a dream, it demonstrates his trueness, faith in God’s oneness, following His Messenger and being faithful to his traditions. Otherwise, if one walks before them, or leads them into a narrow lane, or stones…

…dream, it means that he wants him to get lost. Beating someone in a dream also means to rebuke, revile or insult him, or it could mean to admonish him. Beating someone over his scull in a dream means that the victim in the dream will attain excellence of expression and reach his goals. If he hits him over the earlobe and if it bleeds in the dream, it means that the assailant will rape and deflower the daughter of the victim. Like that, interpreting the subject of beating must be associated with the meaning of the limb affected in the dream. (See Body’). Beatings in a dream also connotes supplications. If one sees himself beating a donkey in a dream, it means that he does not earn his daily bread unless he regularly prays for it. To beat someone in a dream also means cursing him. If he hits…

him. If a woman’s hair seems black and curly, she will be threatened with seduction. If you dream of seeing a woman with golden hair, you will prove a fearless lover and be woman’s true friend. Dreaming that your sweetheart has red hair, you will be denounced by the woman you love for unfaithfulness. Red hair usually suggests changes If you see brown hair, you will be unfortunate in choosing a career. If you see well kept and neatly combed hair, your fortune will improve. Dreaming you cut your hair close to the scalp, denotes that you will be generous to lavishness towards a friend. Frugality will be the fruits growing out therefrom. To see the hair growing out soft and luxuriant, signifies happiness and luxury. For a woman to compare a white hair with a black one, which she takes from her head, foretells that she will be likely…

himself flying in a dream, it represents pitfalls in his religious performances, or it could mean falling sick. If one does attain his intended destination in the dream, then his dream connotes a successful journey. If one flies in his dream and disappears beyond sight, it means his death. If one flies from his own house into an unknown house in the dream, the latter house represents his grave. Flying in a dream also represent a sickness that could lead a person near his death before he could recover from it. If one flies from a low elevation into a higher one and without wings in his dream, it means fulfillment of his aspirations. If one soars in the air like a pigeon in a dream and sees people below him, whereby he can benefit or harm whomever he wants, it means that he will preside over people and reach…

…the sky of good or bad may represent the government and the hardships it inflicts upon the people, or the benefits it may bring them. Climbing to the sky with a rope, a ladder, or using a staircase in a dream means exaltation, rising in station, good luck and support. If one climbs without a common medium in a dream, it means fear and arrogance. If his intention in climbing is to spy on others in the dream, it means that he may work as a spy. If one descends safely from the sky in the dream, it means that he will escape and be spared the consequences of his sin. If he falls and breaks or fractures a bone or so in the dream, it means that he may suffer such accident in wakefulness. If a sick person sees himself climbing to the sky, and if he does not…

…open and washed, then stitched back to normal in the dream, it means blessings from God Almighty, forgiveness for one’s sins, and it could mean that one will receive spiritual guidance. One’s abdomen in a dream also denotes his good conduct, amiable character, blessed enterprises and protection from the evil of the accursed Satan. If one sees a newborn son or daughter coming out of his abdomen in a dream, it means that such a child will be born and will grow to govern that household. As for one’s livers in a dream, they represent knowl- edge, money or children. If a man of knowledge sees his livers flying away from his body like birds in a dream, it means that he will forget his knowledge, or if one has children, they may die, or perhaps the government may seize his property even if he has nothing. If one sees…

…(The commander of the believers, Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him.) Seeing him in a dream means longevity, trustworthiness and praise- worthy deeds. One who sees him in a dream will speak the truth, be just and call people to the straight path. He also may be able to attend to the Sacred House in Mecca in an auxiliary pilgrimage (.’Umrah). If one shakes hands with Omar bin Al-Khattab in a dream, it means that he will prosper and live a pious life, and he will be a vigilant and a strong believer, the value of whose deeds will surpass his fame. If one sees him frowning in a dream, it means that Omar is calling for justice, commanding what is good and forbidding what is evil. If there is a drought in a town and one sees Omar in a dream, it means that rain…

Deceitful tranquility. To sleep with a man of repulsive ugliness, indicates minor sickness, displeasure. If sleep with a handsome man, means great profit, joy, happiness, pleasure achievements. With a woman who is displeasing to the dreamer, minor sickness of his wife or mother. With a handsome and agreeable woman, indicates joy, happiness and pleasure things. With a woman of bad reputation means safety. For a husband to sleep with his wife when she is in reality absent, implies unpleasant news, speedy mourning. If the dreamer is the wife, then it signifies friendship, joy profit. For a mother to dream of sleeping with her daughter, indicates consolation, or rather compulsory resignation.

…I often dream of the same town. Sometimes all the inhabitants appear wearing costumes of one colour, sometimes all appear wearing costumes of another colour, sometimes they all appear clad in black. Having dreamed one of these dreams quite recently, I append the following description:I found myself approaching the town from the direction of a desert. It was a glorious evening, and the walls and windows of the houses shone like burnished gold in the ruddy glow of the slanting sunbeams. But what impressed me on this occasion, over and above all, was the silence; it seemed assumed for a purpose and to be part of a plot, in which everyone and everything participated, and I had the uncomfortable feeling that I was to be the victim of some unpleasant hoax. I cast my eyes in all directions — there was not a soul to be seen — the…

…OUT OF THE ORDINARY DREAMS I have often questioned those who have been born blind as to their dreams. They can, of course, only judge of dreamland by the impression it conveys to their senses of smell, hearing and feeling. One blind man, a musician, told me he had most of the ordinary dreams, such as those of falling, flying, and drowning. “But” he added, “My most common dream is to imagine I can see, and when I awake and find I am still blind, totally blind, the dis- illusion is most cruel. I invariably have this dream before a severe cold in my head. Before financial worries, I have dreamed I am being chased from room to room in a big, empty castle by something that is not a human being, something I have never met in real life but which I can only presume must be a…

…To dream one is being murdered portends domestic troubles, and trouble with neighbours, and losing things. To dream that another person is murdered sometimes signifies great danger to that person — indeed, the dream is occasionally verified — or trouble of some sort to that person, or to someone connected with that person.For example, I have been told of a lady, who dreamed most vividly that she saw a woman enter her aunt’s room, whilst the latter was asleep, and smother her with a pillow. Everything was most realistic — the door slowly opening; the white-faced, evil-eyed servant with a candle; her stealthy, gliding footsteps; her coarse hands, knotted knuckles and broken nails; the expression of fiendish glee in her eyes as she took up the pillow, and the quick, subtle jerk with which she brought it down on to the sleeper’s face; the tightening of her lips; the…

To dream about logs, plants, etc., is very frequent in people who live in the country, because of their constant contact with plants, which gives a symbolic value to the dreams. To dream with one or more logs lying on the ground, but with green and fresh foliage, means that you live a quiet life with good relations both with family and neighbors. To dream with one or more abandoned logs, with old dry branches and leaves, announces sadness, nostalgia, bad business, bad streaks and bad health. When a log is burning, whatever its state is, suggests that there will be heavy losses on business and affairs. To dream that a tree log is almost consumed by fire, announces that a beloved one is about to die, even if none of them is sick.

…To see lamps filled with oil, denotes the demonstration of business activity, from which you will receive gratifying results. Empty lamps, represent depression and despondency. To see lighted lamps burning with a clear flame, indicates merited rise in fortune and domestic bliss. If they give out a dull, misty radiance, you will have jealousy and envy, coupled with suspicion, to combat, in which you will be much pleased to find the right person to attack. To drop a lighted lamp, your plans and hopes will abruptly turn into failure. If it explodes, former friends will unite with enemies in damaging your interests. Broken lamps, indicate the death of relatives or friends. To light a lamp, denotes that you will soon make a change in your affairs, which will lead to profit. To carry a lamp, portends that you will be independent and self-sustaining, preferring your own convictions above others….

him straight forward in the dream, it means that he will help him in his business or support his interests. If one’s eyes turn into iron in a dream, it means distress, a scandal or serious suffering from one’s community. If one sees himself looking at women in his dream, it means that he commits adultery with his eyes by looking and desiring what is unlawful. If one looks at someone’s eyes in a dream and likes them, it means that he will suffer from an adversity, religious corruption or jealousy. If one sees himself having an extra eye inside his body in a dream, it means that he is an atheist. If one sees himself having an extra eye over his shoulder in a dream, it means that he will be named to receive money in absentia. If one sees his eyes transfixed in a dream, it means that…

…Dreaming of a very friendly dog could mean that the dreamer has very good friends and that he or she will get new ones as well. If the dog is white and it gets near to the dreamer in a friendly way, it could signify that soon the dreamer will achieve the success that he or she is looking for, either in sentimental aspects, business, or at work. If a young woman has this dream it means that there are probabilities of future marriage. If the dog is black, then it suggests that there are hidden enemies that are trying to harm the dreamer. Dreaming of being the owner of a smart dog that knows how to do various tricks (this dream is like thinking about one-self), could signify that prosperity is approaching and that it could create an economic boom. Dreaming that a hunting dog or a hound…

…body is in need of it, but when this is not the case, it symbolizes that we are living hectic moments, with a lot of tension, and long for peace. Dreaming of bathing in water that it’s not very clean suggests a burning desire to meet and get along with a person of the opposite sex; this dream is common in women and young widows of marriageable age. Dreaming of swimming with others, for example in a pond or pool, is warning that indicates that you need to avoid bad company that will create rumors, and other damaging things, this dream is more serious if the water is muddy. Dreaming of bathing in very hot water is usually a bad sign, because it could mean that the body is beginning to have a fever, or that the atmosphere surrounding the dreamer is exceptionally hot. If these are not the cases,…

…are grimmer stories in connection with Pomeranians. One man I met told me that he once dreamed he saw his little boy worried to death in the most horrible manner by a Pomeranian dog, and that, on the following evening, his house was broken into by burglars.Another person — if I remember rightly, an Anglo-Indian doctor — once told me that he dreamed he was alone in a very gloomy church, and that a gigantic man in a black surplice suddenly appeared in the pulpit, and, after making the most hideous faces was transformed into a monstrous Pomeranian dog. What happened then the dreamer could not recollect, but he thinks it must have been something very alarming, as he was bathed in perspiration when he literally awoke to the fact that his bed was gently rising beneath him. Unable to determine whether he was still dreaming, he gave himself a…

…(Authority | Mace) A scepter in a dream means good conduct, emulating the leading example of the Prophet Muhammad, upon whom be peace, rising to a high ranking position, or becoming an authority. A scepter in a dream also could represent a wild son, a crooked man, or a hypocrite. Playing with a scepter in dream means using the help of such a person and assisting him to lay hands on his rivals. The crosier represents the human heart and the staff represents man’s tongue. Thus, playing with a scepter in a dream means playing at will. Whatever may affect a scepter in a dream can be interpreted as affecting one’s son or his tongue. If one sees himself hitting a small ball with a septer, or playing with a ball in his dream, it represents a dispute with his wife, or a fight with a hypocritical person. A…

…lose his status, rank and the benefits of his knowledge. If one sees himself inwardly talking with Satan in a dream, it means that he will join hands with his own enemy, and his strike will be against the righteous people, though he will ultimately fail. If one sees Satan teaching him something in a dream, it means that he will fabricate a story, speak falsehood, or recite poems filled with lies. If one sees that Satan has descended upon him in a dream, it means that he engages in falsehood and sin. If one sees himself presiding over a band of satans, controlling them, commanding them, and if they obey him in the dream, it means that he will receive a seat of honor and he will be feared by his friend and foes. If one ties Satan with chains in a dream, it means that he will win…

…(Boat | Human being | Might | Mother | Prison | Star | Salvation | Stress) Seeing a ship in a dream means escape from danger, overcoming adversities, recovering from an illness, or it could represent rain after a severe drought. If one who is experiencing adversities sees a ship or a boat anchored in a harbor in his dream, it means that his adversities will be lifted shortly. If one sees himself pulling it, or driving it on dry land in a dream, it means that he is a hypocrite or a pimp. If he rides a ship along with righteous people in a dream, it means that he is guided on the straight path and that his sins will be forgiven. If one reaches the shore and leaves the boat in a dream, it means that he will live in safety and happiness, and he will escape…

…you are feeling weak and defenceless. Dreaming that someone smells your hair indicates erotic curiosity, sexual interest and your need for some physical stimulation or sensual encouragement. Maybe you have a lot to learn about intimate relationship. The odour of yours or someone else’s hair smell may remind to you the smell of a particular person. To dream that you are reaching for someone’s hair represents that you are trying to join with that person on a physical, spiritual or intellectual level. It also refers to authority, sympathy, protectiveness, and brotherly love. To dream that the wind is blowing through your hair signifies freedom to express inhibited thought or abandoned feeling. To dream that your hair is white or turns from any other colour to white, indicates that something important is made for you. Maybe something is trying to take attention from you. Also, white hair is a symbol of…

…For a young woman Dreaming that she lives in fairy like opulence, denotes that she will be deceived, and will live for a time in luxurious ease and splendor, to find later that she is mated with shame and poverty. When young women dream that they are enjoying solid and real wealth and comforts, they will always wake to find some real pleasure, but when abnormal or fairy-like dreams of luxury and joy seem to encompass them, their waking moments will be filled with disappointments | as the dreams are warnings, superinduced by their practicality being supplanted by their excitable imagination and lazy desires, which should be overcome with energy, and the replacing of practicality on her base. No young woman should fill her mind with idle day dreams, but energetically strive to carry forward noble ideals and thoughts, and promising and helpful dreams will come to her while…

Usually dreams about TV shows or celebrities show our desire to be acknowledged and appreciated. Sometimes people have these dream because of the time they spent in front of TV. The dream could also indicate your admiration of Jay Leno as the celebrity, therefore you dream about him. Or you see some qualities of yourself or other people just like Jay Leno has.

…The element of a good building in a dream represents love, affection, unity, progeny, prosperity, a garment of honor, and girls in one’s family. A strong edifice means strength and firmness. It also means support, help and a long life. Raising a new edifice in a dream represents either personal or collective material benefits in this world. If one sees himself building an edifice in a dream, it means having intercourse with his spouse. If one builds a church, it defines him as Christian. If he builds a mosque, it defines him as Muslim. If a man of knowledge sees himself building a mosque as an offering to please God Almighty in a dream, it means that he will compile a study from which others will benefit or that people will seek his advice in religious matters or inter- pretations. If a king, or a ruler sees himself building…